How do you make a magnet?

Natural magnets are found in the ground, though we have no idea how they are made. The material is a rather soft, heavy metallic compound of iron and oxygen. For a long time these were the only magnets known and they were very precious. These so called lodestones, or leading.. stones, were used by the Chinese to make the first compasses.
We do not know when mankind learned to make his own magnets, but most likely he made the discovery by accident. For under certain conditions, magnetism is catching, If you have a little bar magnet, you can pass its magic on to a nail or a needle. You can even use it to magnetize a small bar of iron or steel.
Touch one end of your bar magnet to an iron nail, The nail p of course, will cling to the magnet, Now touch the nail to another nail. The second nail will cling to the first. You can make a whole chain of nails clinging to one another. They will stay that way only so long as the first nail touches the magnet. Remove the magnet, and the chain of nails breaks apart. The first nail, of course, caught some of the magnet's magic magnetism. The second nail caught it from the first and so on. This magnetism, however, was only temporary. The nails lost their magic when contact with the magnet was removed,
Now touch your bar magnet to a steel needle. The needle will take longer to magnetize, but it will stay magnetized. This is why most permanent magnets are made of steel. In industry, some of the most powerful magnets are made from alloys of aluminum, nickel and iron. A magnet of platinum and cobalt makes an even stronger magnet. A small bar of one of these alloys can be made into a permanent magnet by merely touching it with a bit of magnetized iron or steel.
Use one end of a bar magnet to stroke a bar of steel and you have a brand new magnet.
Magnets, both temporary and permanent, can be made with the help of an electric current. The current runs through a coil of insulated wire. The metal is a piece of iron or steel. The electric current magnetizes the metal within its coils. '
If the metal inside the coil is soft iron, it becomes a temporary magnet. This principle is used to make the useful electromagnet, used for lifting great loads of scrap iron. When the current Is turned on, iron is magnetized and can lift heavy loads of metal. When the current is turned on, so is the magnetism and the load of metal is dropped.  If the metal inside an electric coil is the right steel alloy, it can be made into a permanent magnet.