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STATISTICS OF THE PLANETS

Mercury Statistics

Planetary Symbol: Name in Roman/Greek Mythology: Mercury/Hermes
Diameter: 4,878 km (3,030 miles)
Rotation Period about Axis: 58.65 days
Mass: 0.33x10^24 kilograms (0.06 x Earth's)
Revolution Period about the Sun: 0.24 years
Density: 5,427 kg/m^3    Tilt of Axis: 0o
Minimum Distance from Sun: 46.0 million km (28.6 million miles)
Surface Gravity: 3.7 m/s^2 (0.38 x Earth's)
Maximum Distance from Sun: 69.8 million km (43.4 million miles)
Temperature Range on Mercury: -184o C to 427o C (-300o F to 800o F)
Orbital Semi-major Axis: 0.387 AU (Earth=1 AU)
Average Surface Temperature (K): 440K
Minimum Distance from Earth: 77.3 million km (48.0 million miles)
Satellites: 0


Mars Statistics

Planetary Symbol: Name in Roman/Greek Mythology: Mars/Ares
Diameter: 6,785 km (4,217 miles)
Rotation Period about Axis: 24.6 hrs
Mass: 0.64x10^24 kilograms (0.11 x Earth's)
Revolution Period about the Sun: 1.88 years
Density: 3,933 kg/m^3   Tilt of Axis: 25o 12"
Minimum Distance from Sun: 205 million km (128 million miles)
Surface Gravity: 3.7 m/s^2 (0.37 x Earth's)
Maximum Distance from Sun: 249 million km (155 million miles)
Temperature: -129o C to 0o C ( -200o F to 32o F)
Orbital Semi-major Axis: 1.52 AU (Earth=1 AU)
Average Surface Temperature (K): 218K
Minimum Distance from Earth: 35 million miles
Satellites: 2

Jupiter's Statistics
Planetary Symbol: Name in Roman/Greek Mythology: Jupiter/Zeus
Diameter: 142,800 km
(88,736 miles) Rotation Period about Axis: 9.8 hours
Mass: 1,898 x10^24 kilograms (318 x Earth's)
Revolution Period about the Sun: 12 years
Density: 1,326 kg/m^3 Tilt of Axis: 3.1o
Minimum Distance from Sun: 741 million km (460 million miles)
Surface Gravity: 23.12 m/s^2 (2.64 x Earth's)
Maximum Distance from Sun: 817 million km (508 million miles)
Distance across the Great Red Spot: 40,000 km (24,860 miles)
Orbital Semi-major Axis: 5.20 AU (Earth=1 AU)
Temperature at Cloud Tops: -150o C (-101o F)
Minimum Distance from Earth: 588 million km (365 million miles)
Average Cloud Top Temperature (K): 123K
Rings: 1, very thin;  Satellites: 63 known

Venus Statistics

Planetary Symbol: Name in Roman/Greek Mythology: Venus/Aphrodite
Diameter: 12,104 km (7,522 miles)
Rotation Period about Axis: 243 days (retrograde)
Mass: 4.87x10^24 kilograms (0.82 x Earth's)
Revolution Period about the Sun: 0.62 years
Density: 5,243 kg/m^3 Tilt of Axis: 177-178o
Minimum Distance from Sun: 108 million km (67 million miles)
Surface Gravity: 8.87 m/s^2 (0.90 x Earth's)
Maximum Distance from Sun: 109 million km (68 million miles)
Average Temperature (C/F): 457o C (855o F)
Average Surface Temperature (K): 730K
Orbital Semi-major Axis: 0.72 AU (Earth=1 AU)
Minimum Distance from Earth: 40 million km (25 million miles)
 Satellites: 0

Earth Statistics
Planetary Symbol: Surface Gravity: 9.78 m/s^2
Diameter: 12,753 km (7,926 miles)
Rotation Period with respect to Sun (Length of Day): 24 hrs
Mass: 5.98x10^24 kilograms (6.5e21 tons)
Rotation Period with respect to stars (Sidereal Day): 23 hrs 56 min
Density: 5,515 kg/m^3
Revolution Period about the Sun (Length of a Year): 365 days 5 hrs
Minimum Distance from Sun: 146 million km
(91 million miles) Tilt of Axis: 23o 27"
Maximum Distance from Sun: 152 million km
(94.5 million miles) Temperature: -89o C to 57.7o C (-128o F to 136o F)
Orbital Semi-major Axis: 1.0 AU Average Surface Temperature (K): 287K
Satellites: 1 (the Moon)

Saturn Statistics
Planetary Symbol: Name in Roman/Greek Mythology: Saturn/Cronus
Diameter: 119,871 km (74,500 miles)
Rotation Period about Axis: 10.67 hrs
Mass: 586.5x10^24 kilograms (95 x Earth's) Revolution Period about the Sun: 29.5 years
Density: 687 kg/m^3 Tilt of Axis: 26o 42"
Minimum Distance from Sun: 1.35 billion km (840 million miles)
Surface Gravity: 8.96 m/s^2 (0.92 x Earth's)
Maximum Distance from Sun: 1.5 billion km
(938 million miles) Temperature at Cloud Tops: -170o C (-274o F)
Orbital Semi-major Axis: 9.53 AU (Earth=1 AU) Average Cloud Top Temperature (K): 103K
Minimum Distance from Earth: 1.2 billion km (746 million miles)
Satellites/Rings: 60 known moons, many rings

Uranus Statistics
Planetary Symbol: Name in Roman/Greek Mythology: Uranus/Uranus
Diameter: 51,488 km (32,000 miles) Rotation Period about Axis: 17.24 hrs (retrograde?)
Mass: 86.8x10^24 kilograms (14.5 x Earth's)
Revolution Period about the Sun: 84 years
Density: 1,270 kg/m^3 Tilt of Axis: 98o (or 82o?)
Minimum Distance from Sun: 2.7 billion km (1.7 billion miles)
Surface Gravity: 8.69 m/s^2 (0.89 x Earth's)
Maximum Distance from Sun: 3 billion km (1.87 billion miles)
Temperature at Cloud Tops: -200o C ( -328o F)
Orbital Semi-major Axis: 19.19 AU (Earth=1 AU) Average Cloud Top Temperature (K): 73K
Minimum Distance from Earth: 2.57 billion km
(1.6 billion miles) Satellites/Rings: 27 known moons, faint rings

Neptune Statistics
Planetary Symbol: Name in Roman/Greek Mythology: Neptune/Poseidon
Diameter: 49,493 km (30,760 miles) Rotation Period about Axis: 17.24 hrs
Mass: 102.4x10^24 kilograms (17.2 x Earth's) Revolution Period about the Sun: 165 years
Density: 1,638 kg/m^3 Tilt of Axis: 29o 36"
Minimum Distance from Sun: 4.46 billion km
(2.77 billion miles) Surface Gravity: 11 m/s^2 (1.12 x Earth's)
Maximum Distance from Sun: 4.54 billion km (2.82 billion miles)
Temperature at Cloud Tops: -210o C ( -346o F)
Orbital Semi-major Axis: 30.07 AU (Earth=1 AU) Average Cloud Top Temperature (K): 63K
Minimum Distance from Earth: 4.3 billion km (2.68 billion miles)
Satellites/Rings: 13 known moons, faint rings

Pluto Statistics (minor planet)
Planetary Symbol: Name in Roman/Greek Mythology: Pluto / Hades
Diameter: 2,390 km (1,485 miles)
[0.187 x Earth's] Orbital Semi-major Axis: (average distance from Sun) 39.48 AU
(Earth = 1 AU)
Mass: 12.5 x 1021 kilograms (0.0021 x Earth's)
Orbital Eccentricity: 0.2488
Density: 1,750 kg/m3 (0.317 x Earth's)
Maximum Distance from Sun: 49.31 AU ( 7.376 billion km or 4.583 billion miles )
Surface Gravity: 0.58 m/s2 (0.06 x Earth's)
Minimum Distance from Sun: 29.66 AU ( 4.437 billion km or 2.757 billion miles )
Surface Temperature: 40 to 50 K ( -233° to -223° C or -387° to -369° F )
Minimum Distance from Earth: 28.6 AU ( 4.28 billion km or 2.66 billion miles )
Tilt of Axis: 123o Orbital Inclination: (tilt of orbit plane) 17.16°
Rotation Period about Axis:(length of Pluto's day) 6.387 days (retrograde)
Revolution Period about the Sun: (length of Pluto's year) 248 years
Satellites: 3 known

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